NCERT MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES

NAV JEEVAN MISSION SCHOOL

GEOGRAPHY(X)

CHAPTER 06

MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES

NCERT TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS

Q 1 Why is iron and steel industry termed as basic industry?

Ans. Basic or key industries supply their products as raw materials to other industries to

Manufacture their goods.

 Iron and steel industry is termed as a basic industry because

(a) It produces iron and steel which in turn is used for manufacturing machines, tools and

Equipment’s. Machineries and tools are basic for any manufacturing process. Thus, iron

And steel industry plays a key role in the development of any manufacturing industry

And agriculture.

(b) Iron and steel industry provides raw materials for heavy engineering, automobiles, ship

Building, manufacturing of railway engines, locomotives, etc. The development of

These industries is dependent on the supply of iron and steel.

Many of the items used by us in our daily life, from a tiny nail to big railway

Locomotives, are made of iron.

Q 2 Describe four physical and four human factors that affect the location of an industry.

Ans. Industrial locations are complex in nature. They are influenced by a number of factors that

Determine their location in region.

The PHYSICAL FACTORS that influence that location of industries are as follows:

(a) Availability of raw materials — Raw materials for industries range from agricultural

     Products to minerals. Raw material required for the industry must be available cheaply

     And at close range or at well-linked places. In case of industries using bulky raw

     Materials like iron, bauxite, etc., the ideal location is near the sources of raw materials.

(b) Availability of  Power  — Power, energy or fuel is essential for the working of any industry,

     For running machineries and as fuel for the furnaces and smelters. So, power resources

     Like coal and electricity must be available in abundance in the vicinity of the site

     Chosen for the industry.

(c) Availability of Water — Water is needed in abundance by almost all industries, e.g. cotton 

     and   jute

     Textiles for processing, cleaning and cooling of machineries. So many industries are

     Located near rivers and other water bodies.

(d) Favourable climate — Climate affects production process, for example, humid

     Climate is suitable for spinning of cotton yarns. The industry must be located in an area

     Where the climate does not damage the raw materials or finished products.

HUMAN FACTORS influencing the location of industries are:

(a) Availability of Cheap Labour — Cheap and efficient labour must be available in the region surrounding the

      Industry for proper functioning of the industry.

(b) Availability of Capital — Industries require finances in large amounts. For setting up an industry in

     a chosen site, large amount of cash guarantees and banking facilities are required.

(c) Availability of Market — The goods produced must have a market for their sale. The market

      Influences the demand as well as type of goods produced in a region.

(d) Transport facilities — Well-linked road, railways or waterways must be available for

      Transfer of raw materials and manufactured products to and from the industrial area.

Q 3 How do industries Pollute the Environment?

Ans. Pollution is a negative effect of industrialization. It results in degradation of the

Environment and affects human health, animals, plants and the atmosphere as a whole.

It contributes to major environmental problems like land degradation, water scarcity, health

Hazards and, on a larger scale, global warming and climate change.

Industries are responsible for four types of pollution, namely, air, water, land and noise.

Air pollution is caused by presence of high proportion of undesirable gases, such as

Sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide, dust, sprays, mist and smoke in the atmosphere due

To emission from industrial units. Smoke emitted by chemical and paper factories, brick

Kilns, refineries and smelting plants and burning of fossil fuels in big and small factories

That ignore pollution norms cause enormous pollution.

Toxic gas leaks from factories are extremely hazardous.

Water pollution is caused by organic and inorganic industrial wastes and affluent

Discharged into rivers and other water bodies.

The main culprits in this regard are paper, chemical textiles and dyeing, petroleum

Refineries, tanneries and electroplating industries. They let out dyes, detergents, acids, salts

And heavy metals like lead and mercury, pesticides, fertilizers, synthetic chemicals with

Carbon, plastics and rubber, etc., into water bodies. They turn big and small rivers into

Toxic streams.

Dumping of wastes specially glass, harmful chemicals, industrial effluents, packaging,

Salts and garbage renders the soil useless due to land pollution. Rainwater percolates to

Into the soil carrying these pollutants and contaminates ground water.

Noise pollution is by industrial and construction activities, machineries and factory

Equipment’s, generators, saws and pneumatic and electric drills.

Q 4 Agriculture and industry are complimentary to each other.’ Justify the statement.

Ans. A close relationship exists between agriculture and manufacturing industries. Each of them

Complement each other.

Each of them serves as market for goods produced by the other and in the process raises

Demand for each other's goods.

For example, the agro-based industries, like textiles, sugar, etc., depend upon agriculture for

Raw materials. These industries have given a major boost to agriculture by raising their demand

And hence, productivity. Manufacturing industries sell the products such as irrigation pumps,

Fertilisers, insecticides, pesticides, plastic and PVC pipes, agricultural machineries and tools,

etc., to the farmers. Agriculture serves as their market and effects their development.

These inputs from industries assists agriculturists in increasing productivity as well as have

Made the production processes very efficient.

Q.5. Why did the traditional cotton textile industry of India receive a setback during the

Colonial period?

Ans. The traditional cotton textile industry of India suffered a setback during the colonial period

Because of competition from mill-made cloth from England. In England cotton textiles were

Produced in large quantities with the help of power loom. The surplus was sold in India for

Profit as India was then a colony of England. Mill-made cloth was cheaper on account of large

Scale production. On the other hand, our traditional textiles used ancient techniques like hand spinning

And handloom weaving. Hence, its production could not compete with mill-made

Cloth of England.

Q.6. Mention any six factors responsible for the location of Jute mills in the Hugli basin.

(i) Proximity of the jute producing areas.

(ii) Cheap water transport facilities.

(iii) Good network of railways, roadways and waterways to facilitate movement of raw

       Materials to the mills.

(iv) Abundant water for processing raw jute.

(v) Cheap labour from West Bengal, Bihar, Orissa and Uttar Pradesh.

(vi) Bank, insurance Facilities Provided by Kolkata

(vii) Port facilities for export of Jute goods.

Q.7. Distinguish between an integrated steel plant and a mini steel plants stating three points

of distinction.

(i) An Integrated steel plant is larger than Mini Steel Plant.

(ii) Mini steel plant use steel scrap and sponge iron while integrated steel plant use basic raw

      Materials i.e. iron ore for making steel.

(iii) Mini steel plant produces mild and alloy steel while integrated steel plant produces only steel.

Q.8. Explain any three problems faced by cotton textile industries in India.

Three problems faced by cotton textile industries in India are as follows:

(i) Power supply is erratic and machineries are back dated.

(ii) Output of labour is low.

(iii) Facing stiff competition with the synthetic fibre industry.

Q.9. Why is cotton textile industry the largest industry in India today? Give any three reasons.

 (i) Cotton textile industry contributes 14 percent of the total industrial production.

(ii) It provides employment to 35 million persons directly – the second largest after

     Agriculture.

(iii) It earns foreign exchange of about 24.6 percent (4 percent of GDP).

Q.10. Why are most of the Iron and steel plants of India concentrated in Chhota Nagpur

Plateau region? Give three reasons.

Ans. Chhota Nagpur plateau region has the maximum concentration of steel plants because of the

        Following factors:

(i)   Low cost of iron ore and high grade raw materials in proximity.

(ii)  Cheap labour.

(iii) Vast growth potential in the home market.

Q.11. “The economic strength of a country is measured by the development of manufacturing

Industries”. Elaborate the statement.

Ans. Resource utilization cannot be made without manufacturing industry. Manufacturing industry

Transforms raw materials into finished products which added value to it. Countries having a

Good number of manufacturing industry can able to utilize resources more fruitfully and are

Therefore they considered as advanced country. India's contribution to manufacturing industry

Is 17 per cent as compared to 30 percent for Japan and 25 percent for France respectively.

Q.12. Discuss the role of NTPC in paving the way to control environmental degradation.

Ans. NTPC is a major power providing corporation in India. It has ISO certification for EMS

(Environmental Management System) 14001. The corporation has a proactive approach for

Preserving the natural environment and resources like water, oil, gas and fuels in places where

It is setting up power plants. This is achieved through the following methods:

(a) Optimum utilisation of equipment adopting latest techniques and upgrading existing

     Equipment.

(b) Minimising waste generation by maximising ash utilisation.

(c) Providing green belts for nurturing ecological balances and encouraging afforestation.

(d) Reducing environmental pollution through ash pond management, ash water recycling

     System and liquid waste management.

(e) Ecological monitoring reviews and online database management for all its power stations.

Q.13. Mention any three objectives of National Jute Policy, 2005.

·         Increasing productivity.

·         Improving quality.

·         Ensuring good prices to the jute farmers and enhancing the yield per Hectare.

Q.14. India is an important iron and steel, producing country in the world, yet we are not able

to perform to our full potential’ Give any three reasons.

·                     High costs and limited availability of cooking coal.

·                     Lower productivity of labour.

·                     Irregular supply of energy.

·                     Poor Infrastructure.