NCERT MINERALS AND ENERGY RESOURCES

NAV JEEVAN MISSION SCHOOL

GEOGRAPHY(X)

CHAPTER 05

MINERALS AND ENERGY RESOURCES

NCERT TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS

Q.1 Distinguish between ferrous and non-ferrous minerals. Give examples.

Ans. Metallic minerals can be classified into ferrous and non-ferrous minerals.

Ferrous Minerals	Non-Ferrous Minerals
§  Metallic Minerals Containing Iron Are Called Ferrous Minerals. §  They Account For About Three-Fourths Of The Total Value Of Production Of Metallic Minerals In India. §  Iron Ore, Manganese, Chromite, Tungsten, Nickel And Cobalt Are Examples Of Ferrous Minerals.	§  Metallic Minerals That Contain Metals Other Than Iron Are Non-Ferrous Minerals. §  India’s Reserves and Production of Non-Ferrous Minerals Is Not Very Satisfactory. §  Copper, Lead, Tin, Bauxite, Gold Are Examples Of Non-Ferrous Minerals As They Do Not Contain Iron.

Q.2.Distinguish between Conventional and non-conventional sources of energy.

Conventional Sources of Energy	Non-conventional Sources of Energy
Conventional sources of energy are those sources which have been use since the early times.	Non-conventional sources of energy have generally been identified in the recent past.
They are exhaustible except hydro-energy.	They are inexhaustible.
They cause pollution when used as they emit smoke and ash.	Generally these are pollution-free.
Their generation and use involve huge expenditure.	Low expenditure required.
Very expensive to maintain, store, transmit as they are carried over long distances through transmission grids.	Less expensive due to local use and easy maintenance.
Examples are – coal, natural gas, water, fire-wood.	Examples are – geothermal energy, solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy, biogas energy, nuclear energy.

Q.3. How are Minerals formed in Igneous and Metamorphic rocks?
Ans: In igneous and metamorphic rocks: The smaller occurrences are called veins and the larger occurrences are called lodes. They are usually formed when minerals in liquid/molten and gaseous forms are forced upwards through cavities towards the earth’s surface. Examples: tin, copper, zinc, lead, etc.

Q.4 Why do we need to conserve mineral resources?
Ans: It takes millions of years for the formation of minerals. Compared to the present rate of consumption, the replenishment rate of minerals is very slow. Hence, mineral resources are finite and non-renewable. Due to this, it is important that we conserve the mineral resources.

Q.5 Describe the Distribution of coal in India.
Ans: In India, coal occurs in rock series of two main Geological Ages. The Gondwana coal was formed over 200 million years ago. The Tertiary deposits are about 55 million years old. The major sources of Gondwana coal are located in the Damodar valley (West Bengal-Jharkhan). In this belt, Jharia, Raniganj and Bokaro are important coalfields. Coal deposits are also present in the Godavari, Mahanadi, Son and Wardha valleys. Tertiary coal is found in the north-eastern states of Meghalaya, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland.

Q.6.Why do you think that Solar Energy has a bright future in India?
Ans: India is a tropical country and it has enough scope for the production and utilisation of

Solar energy. Most of the regions of India record high temperatures, especially during the

Summer months. The scorching heat of the sun is tapped for productive purposes by using

Photovoltaic technology which converts sunlight directly into electricity.

The western parts of India, especially the Thar deserts region, receive undisturbed sunshine

For most parts of the year. This area has great potential for development of energy and can

Be utilised as the largest solar power house of India.

Solar energy is becoming fast popular in different parts of the country, especially in rural

And remote areas. It can be used for cooking, heating of water, pumping, refrigeration,

Street lighting and room heating in cold areas. The largest solar plant of India is located at Madhapur near Bhuj in Gujarat. The solar energy is used to sterilize milk cans.

Q.7. Mention any four uses of Manganese ore. Name three areas where manganese is found.

Ans. Four uses of manganese ore are follows:

(i) It is an important raw material in the iron and steel industry, used in the manufacturing

    of steel. Nearly 10 kg of manganese is required to manufacture one tonne of steel.

(ii) It is used to prepare alloys or mixture of different metals to acquire special properties for

      The minerals, e.g. ferro-manganese alloys.

(iii) It is used to make bleaching powder and insecticides.

(iv) It is used in manufacturing of batteries and for making paints.

       Orissa is the largest producer of manganese followed by Madhya Pradesh and Karnataka.

Kendughar and Sundergarh of Orissa, Chhindwara and Balaghat in Madhya Pradesh and

Shimoga of Karnataka are important areas of manganese mining.

Q.8. Why is Mica considered to be an indispensable mineral for the electronics industry?

Mention the names of the main mica-producing areas of India.

Ans. Mica is a non-conductor of electricity. Due to its excellent di-electric strength, low power loss

Factor, insulating properties and resistance to high voltage, mica is an indispensable mineral for

The electrical and electronics industries.

Koderma-Gaya-Hazaribagh belt of Jharkhand is the leading mica-producing area of India.

In Rajasthan, the major mica-producing area is around Ajmer.

In Andhra Pradesh, the Nellore mica belt is an important mica-producing area.

Q.9. Describe the qualities of four different types of coal found in India. How is coal formed?

(i)   Peat is a low carbon and high in moisture

(ii)  Lignite is a low grade brown coal, soft and high moisture content.

(iii) Bituminus coal content high carbon and low moisture most popular coal in commercial

       use.

(iv)  Anthracite is the highest quality hard coal. Coal is formed due to the compression of plant

       Material over million years. Most coal is formed during carboniferous periods.

Q.10. Explain the importance, occurrence and distribution of Petroleum in India.

 (i) Petroleum is the next major energy source in India after coal.

(ii) Petroleum occurrence in India are associated with anticlines and fault traps in the rock

       Formations of the tertiary age.

(iii) About 63 percent of India’s petroleum production is from Mumbai High, 18 percent from

       Gujarat and 16 percent from Assam. Ankeleswar is the most important oil field of Gujarat

       While Assam is the oldest oil producing state in India.

Q.11. What is Mining? Name the different types of mining prevalent in India. What is Rat-hole

          Mining and where in India is this type of mining done?

Ans. When the extraction of a mineral from its deposit or reserve becomes economically viable, that

Deposit is termed as a mine. The concentration of minerals in the ore, the ease of extraction

And closeness to the market are important considerations to select a reserve to be a mine for

Extraction of the mineral.

The Different Types of Mining Prevalent in India are:

(a) Open-pit mining or open-cast mining.

(b) Underground mining or deep-shaft mining.

(c) Rat-hole mining.

(d) Quarrying.

(e) Drilling (for obtaining mineral oil or petroleum).

RAT-HOLE MINING is a local form of coal mining prevalent in tribal areas of the north-east where

Some minerals like coal, iron ore, limestone and dolomite are owned by individuals and

Communities. In Jowai and Cherrapunji in Meghalaya, coal mining is done by family members

of the tribal community in form of a long narrow tunnel. This is known as rat-hole mining.

Q.12. ‘Energy Saved Is Energy Produced’. Justify the Statement by Giving Any Six Measures To Conserve The Energy Resources.

·         Use Public Transport Systems Instead Of Individual Vehicles.

·         Switching Off Electricity When It Is Not In Use.

·         Using Power Saving Devices.

·         Using Non-Conventional Sources of Energy.

·         Use of Power Saving Electrical Appliances.

·         Minimum Use Of High Power Consuming Electrical Gadgets Ie, Air Conditioner, Room

Heaters etc.

Q 13. Explain the importance, occurrence and distribution of petroleum in India.

Ans. (i) Petroleum is the next major energy source in India after coal.

(ii) Petroleum occurrence in India are associated with anticlines and fault traps in the rock

      Formations of the tertiary age.

(iii) About 63 percent of India’s petroleum production is from Mumbai High, 18 percent from

      Gujarat and 16 percent from Assam. Ankeleswar is the most important oil field of Gujarat

      While Assam is the oldest oil producing state in India.

Q 14. Which is the next major source of energy after coal in India? Mention any four points

      of its importance.

Ans. Petroleum is the next major energy source in India after coal.

(i) It provides fuel for heat and lighting.

(ii) Lubricants for machinery.

(iii) Raw materials for number of manufacturing industries such as synthetic fibres, plastics,

       Detergents, chemicals etc.

(iv) It can be easily handled and carried through pipelines.

Q 15. Explain why the use of non-conventional sources of energy is becoming necessary in our

    country? Give three reasons.

Ans. The use of non-conventional sources of energy is becoming necessary in our country for the

       following reasons.

(i) Rising prices of oil and gas.

(ii) To Save environmental pollution.

(iii) As a renewable source of energy.